Биография наполеона бонапарта.
Биография Наполеона Бонапарта – это жизненный путь выдающейся личности, обладающей феноменальной памятью, несомненным интеллектом, незаурядными способностями и необыкновенной работоспособностью.
Наполеон Бонапарт родился на Корсике в городе Аяччо. Это событие в семье Карло и Литиции ди Буонопарте произошло 15 августа 1769 года. Буонопарте принадлежали к небогатому дворянскому роду. Всего у родителей будущего завоевателя Европы росло восемь детей.
Отец был адвокатом, а мать посвятила свою жизнь рождению и воспитанию детей. Интересно отметить, что фамилия известной корсиканской семьи, впоследствии правящей династии Франции, в итальянском языке произносилась Буонапарте, а во французском – Бонапарт.
Получив домашнее образование, в шесть лет Наполеон отправился учиться в частную школу, а в возрасте десяти лет его перевели в Отенский колледж. Через некоторое время способный юноша переехал в небольшой французский город Бриенн и там продолжил обучение в военном училище.
В 1784 году сдал экзамены в Парижскую военную академию, после окончания которой получил звание лейтенанта и отправился на службу в артиллерию. Помимо страсти к военному делу, Наполеон много читал и писал художественные произведения. Сочинения будущего императора практически все хранятся в рукописях. Об их содержании известно не много.
Революция
Великую французскую революцию, итогом которой стало уничтожение абсолютной монархии и провозглашение Первой французской республики, Наполеон встретил восторженно.
В 1792 году он вступил в ряды самого влиятельного на то время политического движения во Франции – Якобинского клуба. Впоследствии клуб переродился в правительственный орган, а многие его члены стали видными политиками. Наполеон не был исключением.
Начиная с 1793 года, его военная карьера стремительно шла в гору: он получил звание бригадного генерала, принимал активное участие в подавлении выступления сторонников монархии, стал главнокомандующим армии, и после успехов итальянской компании – признанным полководцем. Краткая биография Наполеона Бонапарта изобилует как блистательными, так и трагическими моментами.
Император
9 ноября 1799 года во Франции произошёл государственный переворот, итогом которого явилось падение Директории и создание нового правительства во главе с консулом, а затем и императором Наполеоном Бонапартом. Это был поворотный момент в его биографии. Его правление ознаменовалось принятием ряда успешных реформ в административно-правовой сфере, победоносными военными компаниями, в результате которых он подчинил почти всю Европу.
Крушение
Для детей в 4 классе важно знать, что 1812 год явился началом неминуемой гибели империи Наполеона. Это был год, когда наполеоновская армия ступила на территорию России и вначале вела успешные завоевательные походы. Бородинское сражение изменило весь ход войны. Французы постепенно отступали. Против Наполеона создалась антифранцузская коалиция, в которую вошли Россия, Пруссия, Австрия и Швеция.
В 1814 год она вошла в Париж и наполеоновская империя была уничтожена. Сам император был выслан на остров Эльба. Но ровно через год предпринял новую попытку захватить власть. Но удача давно отвернулась от него: через сто дней он потерпел поражение в знаменитой битве при Ватерлоо. Через шесть он умер на острове св. Елены.
Другие варианты биографии
Оценка по биографии
Новая функция! Средняя оценка, которую получила эта биография. Показать оценку
Napoleon I (15.08.1769 - 05.05.1821) - Emperor of the French
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a brilliant military leader and a statesman, who laid the foundation of the modern French state. He came from a family of a humble Corsican nobleman, but the heights that he reached were well noticed in the world. Napoleon was born on August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio which is the capital of Corsica. There were eight children in his family. At junior age he was sent to study in the Brienne military school in France.
In 1784 he entered the Parisian military academy and a year later joined the artillery troops. He was rather enthusiastic about the start of the French Revolution. In fact, he was appointed a Chief of artillery while returning Toulon occupied by the British. He led a brilliant operation which brought him the rank of brigadier general at the age of 24. In 1795 he became the Commander of the Italian army. The next year he got a chance to show all his leadership skills during the Italian campaign. That was the time when Napoleon gained European fame.
He was very proud of his first large victory. Soon he was sent to run more serious expeditions at the Middle East. The French army was defeated, but it wasn’t Napoleon’s fault as he left the army long before the end of the campaign. He headed to Italy to fight Suvorov’s army. By the time he returned to Paris the country was on the peak of crisis. He was rather popular among the citizens and highly respected. That’s why it was of no difficulty to stage a coup d"etat and proclaim the consulate. In 1802 he was appointed a lifelong consul and two years later - an emperor.
His internal policy was meant to strengthen the all-round personal power. He undertook a number of important reforms in the legal and administrative areas. In fact, when he came to power France was at war with some neighboring countries. That’s why he arranged another Italian campaign to eliminate the outer threats. Moreover, as a result of his military campaigns most of the Western European countries fell under the French subordination. Even Austria, Prussia and Russia were forced to enter the Union that he created.
The first years of his regime were met by French people with enthusiasm. They saw the savior of the motherland in Napoleon. However, the constant war and increasing economic crisis made people exhausted. The bourgeoisie was dissatisfied with the need to spend that much money on everlasting wars. In 1812 the Napoleon’s regime collapsed. It happened right after the Russian troops defeated his army. Two years later he was forced to abdicate. The only title he retained was that of the emperor’s. Soon he was sent into exile on the Elba Island in the Mediterranean.
His second exile, that lasted six years, was on the island of St. Helena. On May, 1821 he died there, but his ashes were brought to Paris in 1840. During his life he was married twice, but had only one heir from Marie-Louise - the Austrian emperor’s daughter. Napoleon I went down in history as an outstanding person with high intellectual abilities and amazing capacity for work.
Napoléon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. He was born in a family of landed gentry. In 1785 Napoléon graduated from the Paris Military School as a lieutenant and served in the regiment in South France.
In 1793 Napoléon was promoted to capitan and sent to the army, which besieged Toulon. Thanks to the Napoléons plan British had to quickly leave Toulon. Napoléon, who was 24, was promoted to the brigadier general. In 1795 he suppressed monarchist rebellion in Paris, and after that was appointed commander of the army in Italy. In 1798 he went on a military expedition to Egypt and Syria, but willfully left the army to confront the army of Suvorov in Italy.
In 1799 Napoléon,on his way to Italy, made a military coup in Paris, becoming one of three consuls of France. In 1804 he became Emperor of France. Napoléon Bonaparte won a series of brilliant victories against armies of European coalition. For example, battle of Marengo (1804), Austerlitz, Jena and Auershtede (1806), Wagram (1809). These victories led him to have dominion over the majority of the countries of Europe.
New reign of Emperor lasted only 100 days and ended with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in June He had to abdicate second time. Napoléon was exiled to Saint Helena, where he died six years later.
Наполеон Бонапарт (Napolon Bonaparte) НАПОЛЕОН БОНАПАРТ. Портрет работы П.И.Делароша. (1769 1821), выдающийся французский полководец и государственный деятель. Наполеоне Буонапарте родился 15 августа 1769 в Аяччо (о. Корсика). Он был вторым сыном … Энциклопедия Кольера
НАПОЛЕОН I - Наполеон Бонапарт (Napoléon Bonaparte) (15.VIII.1769 5.V.1821), франц. гос. деятель и полководец, первый консул Франц. республики (1799 1804), император французов (1804 14 и 1815). Род. в г. Аяччо (Корсика) в семье корсиканского небогатого… … Советская историческая энциклопедия
Наполеон I - Наполеон Бонапарт (Napoléon Bonaparte) (15.8.1769, Аяччо, Корсика, 5.5.1821, о. Св. Елены), французский государственный деятель и полководец, первый консул Французской республики (1799 1804), император французов (1804 14 и март июнь 1815) … Большая советская энциклопедия
Наполеон IV - Наполеон Эжен, принц империи Наполеон Эжен (Наполеон Эжен Луи Жан Жозеф Бонапарт, фр. Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph, Prince Impérial; 16 марта 1856 1 июня 1879) принц империи и сын Франции, был единственным ребёнком Наполеона III и… … Википедия
Наполеон I - Наполеон Бонапарт первый консул. Неизвестный художник. Музей ордена Почетного легиона. Париж. НАПОЛЕОН I (Napoleon) (Наполеон Бонапарт) (1769 – 1821), французский император в 1804 – 14 и в марте июне 1815. Уроженец Корсики. Начал службу в… … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь
Наполеон I - Наполеон Бонапарт первый консул. Неизвестный художник. Музей ордена Почетного легиона. Париж. Наполеон Бонапарт первый консул. Неизвестный художник. Музей ордена Почетного легиона. Париж. Наполеон I () () французский император в 1804 1814 гг. и… … Энциклопедический словарь «Всемирная история»
Наполеон I - (Бонапарт) (1769 1821 гг.) полководец, государственный деятель, император 1804 1814, 1815 гг. Большие батальоны всегда правы. В любви единственная победа это бегство. В ранце каждого солдата лежит жезл маршала. Военных сил недостаточно для защиты … Сводная энциклопедия афоризмов
НАПОЛЕОН I - (Napoleon) (Наполеон Бонапарт) (1769 1821), французский император в 1804 14 и в марте июне 1815. Уроженец Корсики. Начал службу в войсках в 1785 в чине младшего лейтенанта артиллерии; выдвинулся в период Французской революции (достигнув чина… … Современная энциклопедия
Наполеон I - (Наполеон Бонапарт) (1769 1821 гг.) французский император в 1804 1814 гг. и в марте июне 1815 г. Уроженец Корсики. Начал службу в войсках в 1785 г. в чине младшего лейтенанта артиллерии; выдвинулся в период Французской революции (достигнув чина… … Исторический словарь
Наполеон I - (Napoleon) (Наполеон Бонапарт) (1769 1821). Выдающийся французский полководец, первый консул Французской республики в 1799 1804 гг., французский император в 1804 1814 и 1815 гг … 1000 биографий
Наполеон - а, муж.Отч.: Наполеонович, Наполеоновна.Производные: Наполеонка; Поля; Лёва.Происхождение: (Предположительно от греч. Neapolis, Nea polis Неаполь, Новый город.)Именины: 17 окт. Словарь личных имён. Наполеон а, м. Отч.: Наполеонович, Наполеоновна … Словарь личных имен
Книги
- Наполеон. Воспоминания и военно-исторические произведения , Наполеон. Мемуары Наполеон писал главным образом от "третьего лица" . Эта форма с одной стороны позволяла ему свободнее отвечать оппонентам, с другой же за внешний завесой объективности она дает… Купить за 1200 руб
- Мысли великих. Наполеон (миниатюрное издание) , Наполеон. Вашему вниманию предлагается миниатюрная книга афоризмов "МЫСЛИ ВЕЛИКИХ. НАПОЛЕОН"…
Топик по английскому: Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte, who is also known as the "little Corsican", was born on August 15,1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica. His family had moved there from Italy in the 16th century. His original name was Napoleone. He had 7 brothers and sisters. His original nationality was Corsican-Italian. He also despised the French. He thought they were oppressors of his native land. His father was a lawyer, and was also anti-French. One reason Napoleon may have been such a great leader and revolutionary because was he was raised in a family of radicals. When Napoleon was nine, his father sent him to Brienne, a French military government school in Paris. While there he was constantly teased by the French students. Because of this Napoleon started having dreams of personal glory and triumph. From 1784 to 1785 Napoleon attended the Ecole Militaire in Paris. It was there that he received his military training. He studied to be an artillery man and an officer. He finished his training and he joined the French army when he was just 16 years old. His father died after that and he had to provide for his entire family.
Napoleon was stationed in Paris in 1792. After the French monarchy was overthrown in August of that year, Napoleon started to make a name for himself and become a well known military leader.
In 1792 Napoleon was promoted to captain. In 1793 he was chosen to direct the artillery against the siege in Toulon. Soon after that Toulon fell and Napoleon was promoted to brigadier general. Napoleon was made commander of the French army in Italy. He defeated many Austrian Generals. Soon after this Austria and France made peace. Afterwards Napoleon was relieved of his command. He had been suspected of treason. In 1795 he broke up a revolt and saved the French government. He had earned back respect and he was once again give command of the French Army in Italy. He came up with a plan that worked very well. He would cut the enemy"s army in to two parts, then attack one side of them before the other side could help them. This worked very well against the Sardinian troops, he defeated them 5 times in 11 days.
After this Napoleon was almost impossible to stop. This was when he began conquering most of Europe. The first country he defeated was Austria. He collected lots of money and sent it back to Paris, this helped the weak economy of France. After he came close to Vienna, the Austrians surrendered, and made a treaty with France. This gave France the Netherlands, and it made the Rhine River the eastern border of France. He made an unsuccessful attempt to invade Egypt. And in 1799 he returned to France to find the Directory (the French Government) was a mess. The overthrew the Directory, and created a new government, in which there were three consuls, and he was the most important one. At this time, everyone in France loved napoleon, and his power increased. In 1802 France signed a peace treaty with England and Germany, and was now not at war with anyone.
He re-established the University of France, reformed the education system, and he founded the Bank of France. He also made the Napolionic Code: The first clear, compact statement of the French law. The Napolionic Code has served as a base for legal systems around the world. He changed the government again and made himself ruler of the French Empire. He divorced his wife Josephine in 1809 and married Marie Louise, the daughter of the Emperor of Austria. He soon had a son by his second wife, and made him king of Rome. He now was the ruler of a great empire, and he had 42 million people under his control.
After he tried to invade Russia, his empire began to crumble. And on April 6, 1814 he was forced from the throne. He was exiled to the island of Elba. About a year later, he gathered about 1,000 soldiers and went to Paris and regained power. He ruled for a short time, and then he surrendered to the English. He was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic, where he stayed until he died on May 5, 1821. He supposedly died of cancer, but there are rumors that he was poisoned.
